![]() Sensory disorders: Although many sensory disorders do not result in hallucinatory experiences, they have been reported in cases with hearing impairment, eye disease, deafness, and tinnitus.Medical conditions: Other medical conditions that can cause hallucination include epilepsy, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, thyroid dysfunction, Hashimoto encephalopathy, chromosomal disorders, and autoimmune disorders.Although not all cases of neurodegenerative disease present with hallucinations, they can occur in a portion of individuals with dementia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer disease, and Huntington disease. Neurodegenerative disease: Dysfunction of brain pathways involved with sensation and perception can cause hallucinations.Mental health condition: Although hallucinations are a key feature of schizophrenia (prevalence: 60-70%), they can also occur in other mental health disorders, such as schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, and eating disorders.3Įxamples include certain beta blockers, antidepressants, muscle relaxants, stimulants, ,and even certain antivirals and antibiotics. Medications: Certain prescribed medications can have psychotic side effects.In most cases, symptoms will subside with detoxification and abstinence from the substance. Drugs of misuse can trigger hallucinations during acute intoxication, frequent use, as well as withdrawal. When this occurs, it is referred to as drug-induced psychosis. Substance use: A variety of substances can cause hallucinations, including prescribed medications, recreational drugs (licit and illicit), and toxins.Some research suggests that regardless of the trigger, hallucinatory experiences may result from altered connectivity between brain regions, thus leading a person to misattribute a self-generated thought to an external source (e.g., another’s voice). Those who experience medical conditions, physical and psychological stress, and vitamin deficiencies may also experience hallucinations. While hallucinations are a classic symptom of certain mental illnesses, like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, they can also occur for a number of other reasons. Multimodal hallucinations: Sensory experiences in more than one modality at once or sequentially, such as hearing commands from a historical figure who one sees walking into their room, or seeing a creature that smells foul.When this occurs with limb amputations, it is referred to as “phantom sensation,” which can involve movement, tactile or pain (i.e., phantom pain) sensation. Kinesthetic hallucination: A faulty perception of body movement, such as feeling like one is falling when they are still, or running really fast when one is walking slowly.Gustatory hallucinations: Experiencing taste in one’s mouth in the absence of any real source, like tasting metal or poison in one’s food in the absence of evidence.As with other symptoms, it is important to rule out other sources of perceptual distortion, including physiological conditions of the sense organs. ![]() ![]() ![]() Visual hallucinations: Seeing objects, people, shadows or movement in an object that are not seen by others looking at the same space.Olfactory hallucinations: Smelling a scent for which there is no real source, such as smoke, perfume or a particular food.Common tactile hallucinations include feeling insects crawling on-or under-one’s skin (i.e., formication) or being tapped on the shoulder by someone who isn’t there. Tactile hallucinations: Feeling that one is being touched by something that is not present.Auditory hallucinations: Hearing sounds or voices that aren’t really there, like the voice of a deceased person.The most common types of hallucinations include: When two or more people share a hallucination, it is referred to as shared psychosis, or folie-a-deux in the case of two people. Hallucinations are different from perceptual illusions in that they occur without a sensory stimulus present, whereas illusions are misinterpretations of real sensory stimuli.Īs a symptom of psychosis, hallucinations can be caused by mental illness, substances, or other medical conditions. Hallucinations are sensory experiences, in any sensory modality-sight, sound, taste, touch or smell-that generate a perception of things that aren’t really there.
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